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Home >  Manage your charity > Selling charity land - in more detail

Selling charity land – in more detail

In most cases, you don't need our consent to sell your charity's land, as long as you make sure you do certain things before you go ahead to show you're transparent and accountable, and that you're getting the best deal you can reasonably expect in the circumstances of the sale. However, there are some times when you will need our consent. Find out when our consent is needed and how to apply for it.


Selling land without needing Charity Commission consent

Before you enter into an agreement to sell:

  • you should check you have the power to sell the land - see later section Do we have the power to sell the charity's land?
  • you should then make a formal decision at a trustee meeting to sell the land - consider appointing a solicitor to act for you
  • if the land is used for the purposes of the charity then, unless you are going to replace the land with something just as suitable, you must give public notice and consider any representations you receive from people who may be affected by the sale
  • you must get a report from a qualified surveyor and consider their advice - see later section What counts as a qualified surveyor?
  • then advertise the sale so you can get the best terms (following your surveyor's advice)
  • before accepting an offer, you and the other trustees must consider that the terms are the best that you can reasonably get
  • you can then arrange for the charity's solicitor to draw up the contract of sale and complete the legal documentation - this must include the statements and certificates about the sale - see later section What statements and/or certificates do we need to include?

The summary chart in section B6 of Sales, leases, transfers or mortgages: What trustees need to know about disposing of charity land (CC28) will help you decide whether you need to come to us for consent before you proceed with the sale.

  • Summary chart

When you need Charity Commission consent

You'll need our consent only if:

  • you don't have the power to sell the land - see later section Do we have the power to sell the charity's land?
  • you're selling to a connected person - see later section What or who is a connected person?
  • you can't follow the advice your surveyor gives you
  • you can't comply with the things you need to do before selling land without our consent
  • your land is used for the purposes of the charity (eg a village hall or a recreation ground) and you:
    • are not planning to replace the land once you've sold it (you wouldn't need our consent if you're replacing the land - see later section What's suitable replacement land?)
    • don't want to, or feel that you don't need to, give public notice that this asset is being sold

The summary chart in section B6 of Sales, leases, transfers or mortgages: What trustees need to know about disposing of charity land (CC28) will help you decide whether you need to come to us for consent before you proceed with the sale.

  • Summary chart

If you decide that you need our consent, see later section How do we get the Commission's consent to sell land?


Do we have the power to sell the charity's land?

Most charities can rely on the power in the Trusts of Land and Appointment of Trustees Act 1996 to sell their land. See:

  • Section B2 of Sales, leases, transfers or mortgages: What trustees need to know about disposing of charity land (CC28)

You should check the governing document of your charity to make sure there is no clause that forbids you from selling the land. If there is, you'll have to amend your governing document to allow you to sell. See:

  • Changing your charity's governing document (CC36)

What or who is a connected person?

In this context, a connected person is either:

  • someone closely connected to the charity - one of its trustees, officers or employees
  • anyone closely related to or associated with a trustee, officer or employee
  • anyone who has donated land to the charity

See also:

  • Section E3 of Sales, leases, transfers or mortgages: What trustees need to know about disposing of charity land (CC28)

For a full legal definition, see:

  • Appendix of Sales, leases, transfers or mortgages: What trustees need to know about disposing of charity land (CC28)

What's suitable replacement land?

Land you are acquiring to replace land used for the purposes of the charity must be:

  • bought or leased with all or part of the proceeds of sale of the land used for the purposes of the charity
  • held on the same trusts as the property you've sold
  • suitable to serve the same purposes as the original land

The replacement land does not have to be:

  • in exactly the same location
  • of the same structure or the same size or design - for example, flats could be replaced by houses

What counts as a qualified surveyor?

This must be someone:

  • who is professionally qualified as a surveyor - for example, a Member or Fellow of the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS), and
  • who the trustees reasonably believe:
    • to be used to dealing with the type of land or property the trustees wish to sell
    • knows about properties and the area where the land is sited
    • knows which methods of marketing are most likely to succeed in the area

See also:

  • Section D3 of Sales, leases, transfers or mortgages: What trustees need to know about disposing of charity land (CC28)

What statements and/or certificates do we need to include in the sale documentation and why are they needed?

When you're selling charity land, you need to supply statements and certificates to assure the buyer about a range of things. The statements show:

  • how the land is held and by what sort of charity
  • that the land is being sold legally - this is usually about whether the charity selling the land is an exempt charity or whether the sale is exempt from any of the legal requirements normally needed when selling charity land

The certificates show that the trustees:

  • have the power to sell the land
  • have followed the correct procedures and legal requirements

In this way the buyer can have confidence in the validity of the sale.

See also:

  • Section F of Sales, leases, transfers or mortgages: What trustees need to know about disposing of charity land (CC28)

How do we get the Commission's consent to sell land?

If you're selling land to a connected person:

  • download the forms and notes
  • complete the form
  • scan the form and attach it to an email
  • Selling charity land to a connected person - PDF form
  • Guidance for completing the form - PDF

If you want to sell land used for the purposes of the charity without giving public notice you should contact us and tell us:

  • the name of the charity and its registered number
  • who you are and your authority (for example, the secretary, solicitor or chair of trustees of the charity)
  • details of the land you're selling
  • why you don't want to, or feel you don't need to, give public notice of the sale

We can't guarantee we will let you do this, because we aim to make sure trustees are accountable and open about their dealings with the public, so we do not often allow public notice to be dispensed with. We will consider each case on its merits.

If you think you need our consent for any other reason, contact us and tell us:

  • the name of the charity and its registered number
  • who you are and your authority (for example, the secretary, solicitor or chair of trustees of the charity)
  • details of the land you're selling
  • what action you've taken already (if any) and why you think you need our consent. If you've already got a surveyor's report, please scan this and attach it to your email

Examples:

Example 1

Background:

After agreeing at a board meeting to move to smaller offices, the trustees of an incorporated charity decided to sell their current accommodation. The Memorandum and Articles, the governing document of the charity, had the usual clauses found in company documents giving them power to sell their charity land.

What the trustees did:

The trustees contacted their solicitors to act for them. Before they even thought about entering into a contract for the sale, the trustees then contacted a local qualified surveyor to make a report that complied with The Charities (Qualified Surveyors' Reports) Regulations 1992 (explained in appendix K2 of Sales, leases, transfers or mortgages: What trustees need to know about disposing of charity land (CC28)). He advised them to advertise with two local estate agents who dealt mainly with commercial properties.

The trustees considered the surveyor's report and valuation and advertised the property. After reviewing the offers, the trustees decided to accept the one that seemed to give the best terms that they could reasonably expect to get in the circumstances. They instructed their solicitors to draw up the contracts, including the statements and certificates needed in the documentation.

Did the trustees need our consent?

No they didn't. The trustees did not even need to inform the Charity Commission of their plans. See:

  • Section D of Sales, leases, transfers or mortgages: What trustees need to know about disposing of charity land (CC28)

 

Example 2

Background:

A charity is required by its purposes to provide community facilities for the people in the village. Over the years the village had grown to the eastern side and the facilities were now rather on the edge of things. The trustees planned to sell the land and, with the proceeds of the sale, buy other land to set up new facilities nearer the main part of the village.

What the trustees did:

The trustees looked in their governing document and found nothing that prohibited the sale, and they knew they could rely on the power in the Trusts of Land and Appointment of Trustees Act 1996 (as many charities can).

If the trustees were planning not to replace the land, they would then have had to prepare a public notice that explained their plans and reasons. They would then have had to consider any responses they received and consider those before they made a decision whether to proceed or not. However, as they were planning to replace the land there was no need to do this.

Their qualified surveyor made a report and a valuation which the trustees considered. Their next step was to advertise, according to their surveyor's advice, to try to get the best terms from the sale. Having previously identified a suitable site for the new community centre, they entered negotiations to buy the land. When the sale of the original property went through they completed their purchase using the proceeds from the sale.

Did the trustees need our consent?

No they didn't. Even though the land the trustees were selling was 'designated' land - it had to be used for the purposes of the charity - they could still proceed without consent from us because they were replacing it with other, suitable premises and complied with all the requirements to proceed without needing to involve us.

If the trustees had decided not to replace the land then it would be unlikely they could continue to fulfil the purposes of the charity - if that had been the case they would have had to give public notice of the sale and also come to us for a Scheme to change the purposes of the charity. See:

  • Section E8 of Sales, leases, transfers or mortgages: What trustees need to know about disposing of charity land (CC28)

 

Example 3

Background:

Trustees of a charity owned a field that had been given to the charity some years before. It was in the middle of farmland and, although it brought in a small rent each year, was not much use so they decided to sell it.

One of the trustees offered to buy the field as it was next to his farm and he could put it to good use.

What the trustees did:

The trustees knew that, as it was a fellow trustee who wanted to buy the field, they would need consent from the Charity Commission. First they made sure that, whenever they discussed the situation, the trustee who was a farmer always left the meeting so he did not influence the thinking or decision making of the other trustees.

The trustees employed a qualified surveyor to report on the land and value it and they advertised the sale to see what other offers they might receive, and to see whether the offer the trustee had made was a reasonable one.

Next, the secretary downloaded the necessary forms and notes from our website and completed them with the information the trustees had gathered - this included the value of the land as set out by their qualified surveyor, information about the advertising they had carried out, offers they had received as well as the offer from the trustee. The trustees wanted to accept the offer from the trustee because it was about the same as any other they had received and he was able to complete the sale quickly allowing the charity access to the funds sooner than if had they sold to one of the others in the market.

Did the trustees need our consent?

Yes they did. Because the sale was to a connected person, it was a legal requirement for the trustees to obtain our consent. In this situation it's likely we would have given our consent for the sale to go ahead. This is because the trustees had done all the things they could to be sure the connected person did not influence them and they had made the best efforts to get the best terms for the sale. We would not automatically give consent; we will consider each case on its merits.

See:

  • Section E2 of Sales, leases, transfers or mortgages: What trustees need to know about disposing of charity land (CC28)

 

Example 4

What the trustees planned:

Trustees of a theatre charity wanted to sell a corner part of the premises they owned to a developer, allowing him access to a new estate he was building. They negotiated with the developer, agreed a price for the piece of land and exchanged contracts.

What they should have done:

The trustees should have complied with the requirements before they entered into the agreement to sell the land. They should have got a surveyor's report and advertised to try to get the best terms.

Did they need our consent?

Yes they did. The trustees should have gathered all the relevant information before entering the agreement to sell. Because they did things in the wrong order, the trustees now had to come to us for consent to finalise the sale of the land to the developer. We had to make an Order allowing the sale to go ahead. This meant the transaction was held up and the trustees didn't get their money for the sale as soon as they would have liked. It also risked the developer pulling out of the sale and trying to find another access to his development. This would have resulted in loss of funds the charity was expecting to gain from the sale. See:

  • Section D2 of Sales, leases, transfers or mortgages: What trustees need to know about disposing of charity land (CC28)

 

Example 5

What the trustees planned:

A playgroup charity in an urban area had a small plot of land bequeathed to them in the will of an old lady who had once been involved with the charity. The trustees planned to sell the land as it was of no use to them - barren waste land in the middle of a remote moor in the south west of England.

What they needed to do:

This appeared to be an easy sale - the trustees just had to get a surveyor to value the land, advertise and then enter the agreement to sell for the best terms they could.

The problem was the trustees could find no qualified surveyor with enough experience of dealing with this sort of property or how this sort of land sold on the market.

Did the trustees need our consent?

Yes they did - or at least, they did need to come to us to talk about it. The reason was because they were unable to get a surveyor's report. In this situation they could not comply with the requirements.

We could do one of two things. We could either make an Order allowing them to proceed with the sale without a surveyor's report on the view that it would be too difficult to find a surveyor - after all, they had already looked. Or, where it was obvious the plot of land was small and of very little value, we might be happy for the trustees to proceed without our further involvement.

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