The Regulator for Charities in England and Wales


OPERATIONAL GUIDANCE

CHARITY INCOME RESERVES

Practical example of a reserves policy:
Designated fund apparently being used as endowment; unclear why reserves are needed for purposes stated

OG 43 E10 - 24 May 2000


Divisional responsibility

For information:

Charity Support Division

   


Contents

1. Objects of charity
2. Approximated figures from SOFA
3. Stated policy
4. Comment

Meaning of expressions - list of Glossary terms used in this Guidance
Index to further related information


 

1. Objects of charity

 

To promote research and education.

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2. Approximated figures from SOFA

   

Unrestricted

Designated

Total

   

£

£

£

 

Incoming resources

3 400 000

200 000

3 600 000

 

Resources expended

2 700 000

200 000

2 900 000

 

Net incoming resources

700 000

-

700 000

 
 

Fund balances carried forward to next year

5 300 000

4 0 000

9 300 000

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3. Stated policy

 

The company retains a general reserve to provide sufficient resources to enable the company to continue to fund its publishing activities and a designated funding reserve to provide the income necessary to make donations in support of research.

 

The surplus or deficit on publishing activities is credited to the general reserve each year after first transferring to the research funding reserve an amount equal to the taxation charge that would arise were it not for the company's charitable status.

 

The directors continue to keep under review the level of the company's general reserve and the current level is considered necessary for the following reasons:

 
  • to ensure the financial security and the proper staffing of the company. The techniques developed to publish xxxxxxxxx journals as efficiently as possible require a well-trained stable highly skilled workforce with the resources available to adapt new technology and new situations.
 
  • to provide adequate resources to meet the challenges imposed by the new and uncertain introduction of electronic publishing in which the traditional methods of funding journals through libraries to ensure adequate quality control of content may disappear.
 

As indicated above the directors have resolved to take advantage of surpluses currently arising on journal production to build up the company's research funding reserve through the annual transfer of a proportion of each year's surplus. The rationale for holding this designated fund is as follows:

 
  • to use income from invested capital to raise funds to support xxxxxxxxxx societies;
 
  • to fund ................. and to fund ......................

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4. Comment

 

The research funding reserve appears to be a designated fund but the justification for the amount held seems to relate to the imputed taxation charge rather than the planned research programme.

 

From the comment on the use of this fund it appears that the designated fund is effectively being used as an endowment and not for meeting research needs directly.

 

The maintenance of financial security and proper staffing is a good aim but it is unclear why reserves are needed for this and no amount is specified. Similarly it is not clear why reserves are needed to meet the new challenges.

 

The trustees therefore appear not to be meeting their general legal duty to apply income within a reasonable time of receipt.

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The following words and phrases are defined in the Glossary of Terms:

 



designated funds
reserves
SOFA


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Other examples

   

OG 43 E1

a good explanation but reserves above charity's stated optimum;

   

OG 43 E2

general justification for maintenance of reserves but rationale for particular level questionable;

   

OG 43 E3

purpose and level of reserves explained shortfall identified;

   

OG 43 E4

policy clearly explained but reserves currently over planned limit;

   

OG 43 E5

purpose and required level of reserves clearly set out; policy has recently been reviewed;

 

OG 43 E6

need for and purpose of reserves clearly explained but no comment on level of reserves;

 

OG 43 E7

general principles understood and set out but no detail as to how these will be applied;

   

OG 43 E8

income apparently being converted into endowment; amount of reserves actually held not clear;

   

OG 43 E9

reserves apparently being built up to produce income;

   

OG 43 E11

danger that building up reserves may become an end it itself.


 

Index to further related information